Johann Peter Falck (1732–1774) was a Swedish botanist and an apostle of Carl Linnaeus.
Falck was born in Kockstorp, Västergötland. He studied at the University of Uppsala under Carolus Linnaeus.
Falck travelled to St Petersburg, and participated in the Russian expedition (1768–1774) organised by the German scientist Peter Simon Pallas. Falck took his own life in Kazan.
Falck's notes were published in Germany as Beyträge zur topgraphischen Kentniss des russischen Reichs I.III (1785–1786). They were edited by Johann Gottlieb Georgi.